Part 7: Photovoltaic power station PV side meteorological monitoring and intelligent environmental system equipment level inspection and operation and maintenance SOP
This article corresponds to the panoramic topology diagram of the photovoltaic power station [Module 7: Meteorological Monitoring and Intelligent Environmental System]. Meteorological data is the benchmark source for calculating the energy efficiency ratio (PR - Performance Ratio) of the photovoltaic power station, tracking bracket strong wind Stow protection, Anti-PID startup and photovoltaic power prediction system, covering total radiation/incline irradiance meter, louver ambient temperature and humidity meter, patch module board temperature sensor, ultrasonic/mechanical wind speed and direction meter, snow load sensor and MODBUS meteorological data collector.
1. Equipment-level maintenance SOP for total radiation, scattering and slope irradiance meters
Irradiance meters (such as blackbody/photoelectric pyranometers, slope irradiance meters) are used to measure solar radiation intensity (W/m²), and their measurement accuracy directly determines the calculation results of the PR performance ratio of the entire station.
(1) Quartz glass cover cleaning and desiccant discoloration inspection
Glass cover cleaning SOP:
The hemispherical double-layer quartz glass cover on the top of the pyranometer and the inclined surface meter must be kept absolutely clean.
Maintenance requirements: Use a dust-free wipe dipped in absolute ethanol at least once a week to gently wipe dust, bird droppings and scale traces on the surface of the quartz glass cover. Do not scratch the anti-reflective coating on the glass surface when wiping.
Internal desiccant discoloration inspection:
Check the desiccant tank on the lower part of the pyranometer. The color-changing silica gel particles in the tank must be dark blue. If > 2/3 of the silica gel particles are found to turn pink or white, it means that the interior has been saturated with moisture, and the dry silica gel must be replaced immediately to prevent condensation and atomization on the inner wall of the quartz glass cover, resulting in a 5%~15% low irradiance measurement value.
(2) Alignment of level bubble calibration and inclination angle of inclined plane installation
Horizontal bubble calibration: Check the bubble level on the base of the horizontal pyranometer. The bubble in the level bubble must be strictly in the center of the red circle (the level error must be < 0.5°). If the bubble deviates, loosen the base adjustment screw for horizontal calibration.
Angle alignment of the inclined surface irradiance meter: The installation inclination of the inclined surface irradiance meter must be 100% absolutely consistent with the inclination of the photovoltaic array module (the inclination of the fixed bracket or the real-time angle of the flat single-axis tracking bracket) (the inclination angle deviation must be < 0.5°), otherwise it will lead to inaccurate radiation collection and lead to errors in the PR calculation of the entire station.
(3) Sampling error verification and night zero point calibration
Sampling accuracy calibration: Use a standard first-level irradiance meter certified by the national metrology for on-site comparison calibration every year. The sampling error must be ≤ ± 2.0%.
Zero Calibration at night: Check the irradiance data displayed on the SCADA screen in the absence of light at night (theoretical solar irradiance is 0 W/m²). If a small value (such as 2.5 W/m² or -1.8 W/m²) is displayed, "zero offset calibration" must be performed in the background of the weather collector.
2. Maintenance SOP for ambient temperature and humidity meter and component board temperature sensor
(1) Calibration of shutter ambient temperature and humidity meter
Cleaning of radiation-proof louvers: Check that there is no accumulation of dust or clogging of bird's nests in the louvers, and ensure that the louver slots are ventilated smoothly.
Temperature and humidity sensor accuracy verification: Use a measured portable digital temperature and humidity calibrator to compare close to the sensor. The ambient temperature sampling error must be ≤ ± 0.5 ℃, and the relative humidity sampling error must be ≤ ± 3.0% RH.
(2) Maintenance SOP for SMD component board temperature sensor (PT100/PT1000)
The panel temperature of the module directly affects the power output of the photovoltaic cell (usually when the temperature of the crystalline silicon module increases by 1°C, the power decreases by about 0.35%~0.45%), and the panel temperature data is the basis for temperature compensation calculations.
Attachment position and tape inspection:
The board temperature sensor must be closely attached to the center of the backplane of the representative component of the photovoltaic array (avoiding the frame heat dissipation area and junction box).
Check that the 3M thermally conductive high silicone tape and aluminum foil tape are not peeling off or peeling, and there are no air bubbles or gaps to ensure good thermal conductivity between the sensor and the component backplane.
Temperature measurement accuracy verification: When there is sufficient sunlight, use an infrared point temperature gun to measure the temperature of the back plate where the sensor is attached, and compare it with the value displayed on the weather collector. The plate temperature sampling error must be ≤ ± 1.0 ℃.
3. Maintenance SOP for wind speed and direction gauges, sunshine gauges and snow load sensors
(1) Ultrasonic/mechanical wind speed and direction meter maintenance
The wind speed data is directly linked to the strong wind tile (Stow) protection of the tracking bracket, which is a safety-level sensor.
Mechanical wind cup and wind vane: Check that the wind cup and wind vane bearings are well lubricated and rotate without any jamming or abnormal noise. The starting wind speed of the wind cup must be ≤ 0.5 m/s.
Ultrasonic wind speed and direction meter: Check that there is no bird droppings, snow or ice on the surface of the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving probes. When the ambient temperature is < 2°C, the antifreeze heating wire that comes with the ultrasonic anemometer must automatically start to prevent the probe from freezing.
Wind speed sampling accuracy verification: The wind speed sampling error must be ≤ ± 0.3 m/s. The strong wind signal is simulated every six months, and the test weather station sends the strong wind Stow protection broadcast signal to the tracking system normally (response time < 2s).
(2) Rotary sunshine meter and snow load sensor
Photoelectric sensor window of the sunshine meter: Wipe the glass sensor window of the sunshine meter to check that the number of sunshine hours is recorded accurately.
Snow load sensor and snowmelt heating: The installation inclination of the snow load sensor is normal, and the snow load thickness sampling error is ≤ ± 1.0 cm. Check that the anti-snow and freezing heating wire is in good condition.
4. Weather collector, communication bus and data authenticity cross-check SOP
(1) Communication between weather collection box and MODBUS RS485
Collection box protection: The weather collecting box (protection level IP65) door strips are intact, there is no condensation inside the box, and the terminals are not loose or corroded.
RS485 communication bus: The shielding layer of the RS485 communication bus must be grounded at a single point at the collection box end, and the 24-hour communication packet loss rate must be < 0.01%.
(2) SOP for cross-checking the rationality of irradiance and power generation
Set data logic cross-validation rules (Cross-Validation) in the SCADA system background:
Logic rule 1: When the irradiance of the weather station reaches > 200 W/m², but the corresponding inverter output power is 0 kW, the system must report "Inverter does not respond to irradiation power generation abnormality" within < 5s.
Logic rule 2: When the irradiance at night is 0 W/m², but the inverter shows power output, the system must report "abnormal meteorological irradiance zero point deviation".
Photovoltaic power station PV side meteorological monitoring and intelligent environment system equipment level inspection and operation and maintenance sign-in form
Power station name: _______________________________ Inspection date: ____ month ____ day, 2026
Inspection area: Photovoltaic power station meteorological observation station area Inspection person in charge: ____________________
On-site equipment inspection and test measured data records:
2. Registration of inspection defects and dispatch of work to eliminate defects
3. Inspection sign-in and review signature
Inspection Engineer (Signature): _______________ Supervision Engineer (Signature): _______________
Review (signature) of the shift leader: _______________ Sign-in and filing time: ____ hour on ____ month ____ day 2026